We study counterfactual identifiability in causal models with bijective generation mechanisms (BGM), a class that generalizes several widely-used causal models in the literature. We establish their counterfactual identifiability for three common causal structures with unobserved confounding, and propose a practical learning method that casts learning a BGM as structured generative modeling. Learned BGMs enable efficient counterfactual estimation and can be obtained using a variety of deep conditional generative models. We evaluate our techniques in a visual task and demonstrate its application in a real-world video streaming simulation task.
This work was supported by NSF grant 1751009, a gift from the CSAIL SystemsThatLearn (STL) Initiative, and Google, Intel, and Amazon as part of the MIT Data Systems and AI (DSAIL) lab.